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- ********************************
- * AAA-protein family signature *
- ********************************
-
- The following proteins have been found [1 to 4] to be evolutionary related:
-
- - Yeast SEC18 protein and its mammalian homolog NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-
- sensitive fusion protein). These proteins are involved in intracellular
- transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, as well as between
- different Golgi cisternae.
- - Escherichia coli ftsH protein which may be involved in the localization
- processes of some envelope proteins such as PBP3.
- - Vertebrate protein p97 or VCP (valosin containing protein). The function of
- p97 is not known but it shows ATPase activity and forms a ring-shaped
- homooligomer composed of six subunits.
- - Yeast cell cycle protein CDC48, which may have a role in spindle pole
- proliferation. CDC48 is probably the yeast homolog of p97/VCP.
- - Yeast protein BCS1, a mitochondrial protein essential for the expression of
- the Rieske iron-sulfur protein [5].
- - Yeast protein PAS1, essential for peroxisome assembly and the related
- proteins PAS5 from Pichia pastoris and PAY4 from Yarrowia lipolytica.
- - Yeast protein SUG1 (or CIM3 or TBY1).
- - Yeast protein YTA3 (or CIM5).
- - Yeast protein AFG1.
- - Yeast protein AFG2.
- - Yeast protein YME1, a protein important for maintaining the integrity of
- the mitochondrial compartment.
- - Mammalian protein TBP-1, which influences HIV gene expression by
- interacting with the virus tat transactivator protein.
- - Mammalian protein MSS1, which also has a role in the activation of HIV
- genes regulated by tat.
- - Mammalian 26S protease subunit 4 [6].
-
- These proteins share a conserved region of about 200 amino acids that contains
- an ATP-binding site. Two copies of this domain are found in some of these
- proteins (CDC48, PAS1, PAS5, PAY4, SEC18, AFG2 and p97). It has been proposed
- [4] to call this family AAA, for ATPases Associated with diverse cellular
- Activities.
-
- In addition to the ATP-binding 'A' and 'B' motifs, which are located in the
- N-terminal half of this domain, there is a highly conserved region located in
- the central part of the domain which we have used to develop a signature
- pattern.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [AGMF]-x-T-x-[RHF]-x-[DENS]-x-[LIVM]-D-x-A-[LIVM]-x-R-x-G-
- R-[LIVMFY]-[DE]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for AFG1.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Note: this pattern will only detect the first domain of SEC18/NSF and the
- second domain of PAS1/PAS5/PAY4. The other domain in these proteins is much
- less conserved outside of the ATP-binding region.
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Froehlich K.-U., Fries H.W., Ruediger M., Erdmann R., Botstein D.,
- Mecke D.
- J. Cell Biol. 114:443-453(1991).
- [ 2] Erdmann R., Wiebel F.F., Flessau A., Rytka J., Beyer A., Froehlich K.-U.,
- Kunau W.-H.
- Cell 64:499-510(1991).
- [ 3] Peters J.-M., Walsh M.J., Franke W.W.
- EMBO J. 9:1757-1767(1990).
- [ 4] Kunau W.-H., Beyer A., Goette K., Marzioch M., Saidowsky J.,
- Skaletz-Rorowski A., Wiebel F.F.
- Biochimie 75:209-224(1993).
- [ 5] Nobrega F.G., Nobrega M.P., Tzagoloff A.
- EMBO J. 11:3821-3829(1992).
- [ 6] Dubiel W., Ferrell K., Pratt G., Rechsteiner M.C.
- J. Biol. Chem. 267:22699-22702(1992).
-